and at the densest end of the spectrum, TLCs may be faster and longer lasting than QLCs. SLC is least dense but fastest and potentially highest endurance (long lasting) because there is less impact of cell charge leakage.SSD densities are increasing by cramming more bits per cell on the NAND chips - from Single-Layer, to (double) Multi-Layer, Triple-Layer, and now with Quad-Layer Cells (SLC/MLC/TLC/QLC).Regarding M.2 “keying”: B-keyed is 2 lanes, M-keyed is 4 lanes, but surprisingly, both B+M is 2 lanes! Modern NVMes should be M-keyed.NVMes nowadays are typically PCIe 3.0 (up to 985 Mbps per lane x 4 lanes maximum for 3.9 Gbps theoretical), but the latest, costlier NVMes support PCIe 4.0 which doubles the speed (rounded up, that’s up to 8 Gbps for 4 lanes, theoretical).Generally, there are two protocols that use the M.2 connector, so make sure you check: NGFF implements SATA 3.0 (Gbps), and is therefore slower than NVMe.
TL DR for Mac users: Just go with Thunderbolt 3 USB-C enclosure and a PCIe 3.0 NVMe. There are so many options, and of course, so many different price points! It’s all very confusing: NGFF M.2? NVMe M.2? USB 3.1 Gen 1 (5 Mbps)? USB 3.1 Gen 2 (10 Gbps)? USB 3.1 Gen 2x2 (20 Gbps)? Thunderbolt 3? Thunderbolt 4? USB 4.0? I was recently researching external storage for my Mac, looking for the “fastest” and most “reliable”.
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